《管理英语4》Unit 1 Reading1
导语
我是人力资Helen，经常有同事问我们“什么是管理，怎样做好管理”，这里我为大家推荐一篇文章，帮助你了解管理过程，我们一起去看看吧！
阅读文章，了解管理职能。
Five Basic Functions That Make up the Management Process
构成管理过程的五个基本功能
In 1916, a French coal mine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generale, which set forth five distinct functions of managing that Fayol insisted were applicable in any industry.
In the 1950's, management textbooks began to incorporate some of Fayol's ideas into their content, and today, management courses still use many of his ideas to teach management to business students.
1916年，法国煤矿公司总经理亨利·法约尔写了一本名为《工业管理与一般管理》的书，书中提出了五种独特的管理职能，并强调这些管理职能适用于任何行业。20世纪50年代，管理学教科书开始编入法约尔的理念，时至今日，管理学课程依然向商科学生传授他的思想。
Planning
规划
Planning involves deciding where to take a company and selecting steps to get there.
It first requires managers to be aware of challenges facing their businesses, and then it requires managers to forecast future business and economic conditions. They then formulate objectives to reach by certain deadlines and decide on steps to reach them. They re-evaluate their plans as conditions change and make adjustments as necessary.
规划包括确定公司的发展方向，并选择实现目标的各个步骤。首先它要求管理者意识到企业面临的挑战，然后要求管理者预测未来的业务和经济状况。接着，他们制定在一定期限前要达到的目标，并决定实现它们的步骤。随着情况的变化，他们重新评估他们的计划，必要时进行调整。
Organizing
组织
Managers organize by bringing together physical , human and financial resources to achieve objectives. They identify activities to be accomplished, classify activities, assign activities to groups or individuals, create responsibilities and delegate authority. They then coordinate everything so operations run smoothly.
管理者集中物力、人力和财力，建立组织来实现目标。他们确定要完成的活动、进行活动分类、将活动分配给团体或个人、明确责任和分配权力。然后他们协调一切，保证项目顺利运行。
Leading
领导
Leading requires managers to motivate employees to achieve business objectives and goals. It requires the use of authority to achieve those ends as well as the ability to communicate effectively. Effective leaders can influence their personnel to view situations from their perspectives . Leading also involves supervision of employees and their work.
领导要求管理者激励员工去实现业务的大小目标。这些目标的实现既需要权力的运用也需要有效沟通的能力。有效率的领导者可以从员工的角度看待问题，从而对他们产生影响力。领导还包括对员工及其工作进行监督。
Controlling
控制
Controlling involves measuring achievement against established objectives and goals. It also requires managers to be able to identify sources of deviation from successful accomplishment and to provide a corrective course of action.
Managers first establish objectives and goals, then measure achievements, identify anything that is keeping the company from achieving their objectives and goals, and provide means of correction if necessary.
控制涉及根据既定目标来衡量成果。它还要求管理者明确偏离成功目标的根源，并采取纠正措施。管理者首先确定大小目标，然后衡量成果，确定会使公司不能实现其目标的任何事项，并在必要时提供纠正方法。
Staffing
人员配备
Without human resources, no organization can get off the ground , let alone do business and make profits.
Some distinct features of the staffing function are:
没有人力资源，任何公司都不能顺利起步，更别说经营获利了。人员配备功能的一些明显特点是：
• It puts the right man in the right job.
• 把正确的人放在正确的工作岗位上。
• It is an ongoing activity. As employees keep leaving and joining the company, they also retire from time to time leaving empty places in various positions.
• 这是一个持续的活动，因为随时有员工进出公司，也不时有员工退休，一些岗位会出现缺员现象。
• Efficiency is a prime focus of this function. As managing people is the toughest job, everything must be accounted for , leaves, payments, benefits, medical allowances , social security accounting and much more.
• 效率是此功能的重中之重，因为做管理是一份艰巨的工作，事事都需要有人负责，如请假、工资、福利、医疗津贴、社会保险等等。
Culture Note
Henri Fayol（亨利 · 法约尔）
Henri Fayol (Istanbul, July 29, 1841 — Paris, November 19, 1925) was a French mining engineer, mining executive, an author and director of mines who developed a general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of scientific management but roughly contemporaneously（同时期）. Like his contemporary（同时代的人）, Frederick Winslow Taylor, he is widely acknowledged as a founder of modern management methods.
